101 cases of death following stun-gun use

• Originally published in the The Arizona Republic on Mar. 4, 2005 [here]
  

By Robert Anglen 

The Arizona Republic, using computer searches, autopsy reports, police reports, media reports and Taser's own records, has identified 101 cases in the United States and Canada of death following a police Taser strike since September 1999. In 12 cases, medical examiners said Tasers were a cause, a contributing factor or could not be ruled out in someone's death. In 19 cases, coroners and other officials reported the stun gun was not a factor. Below is a synopsis of each case. The Republic requested autopsy reports for all of the cases and so far has received 38.

1. David Flores, 37, Fairfield, Calif.

Sept. 28, 1999

A private investigator, Flores died after being shocked three times during a scuffle with police. Flores suffered a heart attack. Toxicology results indicate Flores died from agitated delirium due to acute cocaine and methamphetamine intoxication.

2. Enrique Juarez Ochoa, 34, Bakersfield, Calif.

May 14, 2000

Police responded to a call from Ochoa's mother, who said her son was acting strangely. Police shocked and handcuffed Ochoa and placed him face down on the ground for 15-20 minutes. Officers transported him to a medical center for evaluation. About 15 minutes later, officers noticed that he had stopped moving. Autopsy report lists cause of death as disseminated intravascular coagulation due to blunt impact trauma while in a hyper-excitable state and cocaine toxicity.

3. Mark Burkett, 18, Gainesville, Fla.

June 17, 2001

Burkett, who suffered from paranoid schizophrenia, collapsed after struggling with officers at a county jail. Burkett was shocked with a Taser and became unresponsive. He died four days after being placed on life support. Autopsy report lists cause of death as acute exhaustive mania, meaning he worked himself into a frenzy that caused him to suffer a cardiac arrest Toxicology exam revealed no traces of cocaine, methamphetamine or steroids. Coroner notes that mania in psychiatric patients can lead to death. Coroner reports family history of paranoid schizophrenia.

4. Hannah Rogers-Grippi, 6-month-old fetus, Chula Vista, Calif.

Dec. 15, 2001

Police shocked a 36-year-old pregnant woman in the back for refusing to follow orders. At the hospital, fetal heart sounds were heard during the examination. Two days later, an exam revealed that the fetus had died. Autopsy report lists cause of death as intrauterine fetal demise. Maternal methamphetamine use was a contributing factor. The coroner said It was difficult to make a causative link between the Taser event and the intrauterine fetal death.

5. Marvin Hendrix, 27, Hamilton, Ohio

Dec. 17, 2001

Hendrix was fighting with paramedics at his house. A police officer shocked him twice. Two minutes after being shocked, he lost consciousness. An autopsy revealed Hendrix swallowed a bag of crack cocaine about seven hours before he died. The cause of death was cocaine toxicity. The medical examiner reported "the exact role of Taser in this individual's demise is unknown."

6. Steven Vasquez, 40, Fort Lauderdale, Fla.

Dec. 21, 2001

Vasquez was shocked during an altercation with police who were attempting to escort him out of a bar. A medical examiner said he died four days later as a result of drug toxicity, due to a mixture of pain medication. Coroner says Taser shocks were not a contributing factor in the death.

7. Vincent Delostia, 31, Hollywood, Fla.

Jan. 27, 2002

Delostia was running around in traffic then ran into the lobby of a hotel where he refused to leave. When police arrived, he lay down and kicked at officers. He was shocked, rolled onto his stomach and handcuffs were placed around his arms and legs. After 30 seconds of restraint, he stopped breathing. The coroner said the cause of death was cocaine toxicity and notes a history of bipolar disorder. Says Delostia exhibited multiple signs of excited delirium.

8. Anthony Spencer, 35, Philadelphia

Feb. 12, 2002

Police, responding to a domestic disturbance, used pepper spray and Tasers to subdue Spencer, who was brandishing a knife. He died in an ambulance en route to the hospital. City officials said tests reportedly found that the death was due to cocaine intoxication and that shocks from a Taser were not a contributing factor.

9. Henry Canady, 46, Hilliard, Fla.

March 27, 2002

Canady was shocked after he fled deputies who were attempting to arrest him on drug charges. The coroner said the cause of death was cocaine toxicity and artery disease. The stress of his struggle with police might have contributed to his death.

10. Richard Baralla, 36, Pueblo, Colo.

May 17, 2002

Police arrested Baralla after he was seen walking down a street exhibiting strange behavior. Officers sprayed him with chemical spray, shocked him with Taser and handcuffed his legs and arms behind his back. During the struggle he stopped breathing. Autopsy report says death was caused by cardiac arrest during a state of excited delirium that necessitated restraint.

11. Eddie Alvarado, 32, Los Angeles

June 10, 2002

Alvarado died after being shot five times with a Taser by Los Angeles police officers in 2002. He was fighting with officers after having a seizure. The coroner said he died from a mixture of methamphetamine and cocaine while being restrained. The coroner said the stun gun could not be ruled out as a cause of death and indicated a relationship between the Taser and Alvarado's heart attack.

12. Clever Craig, 46, Mobile, Ala.

June 28, 2002

Relatives called 911 because Craig was acting strangely. Police found the 6-foot, 200-pound Craig holding a barbell. When he refused to drop it, officers shocked him twice in about 40 seconds. According to police, Craig struggled for five minutes. The autopsy report says Craig died of a heart attack during an episode of delirium "following electrical shock from Taser while resisting arrest."

13. Jason Nichols, 21, Oklahoma City, Okla.

June 15, 2002

Nichols was involved in a family fight. He struggled with police officers who shocked him with a Taser. He was taken to a hospital with various wounds from the fight and died 13 minutes later. The Cause of death was listed as head injuries. The coroner said it was extremely unlikely that the Taser played a part in the death. Drug tests were negative for all but a slight trace of marijuana.

14. Fermin Rincon, 24, Fontana, Calif.

June 27, 2002

Died after a struggle with police at a business complex. Officers reportedly shocked Rincon three times and placed him in a chokehold in order to subdue him. A coroner reported that Rincon died because of prolonged methamphetamine abuse. He suffered a cardiac arrest.

15. Unknown male, 39, Phoenix

June 2002

An unidentified man found bleeding in the driveway of a home near 80th Avenue and Osborn Road became combative with police officers responding to a domestic violence call. Police shocked the man and put him in handcuffs. He went into cardiac arrest and died at Maryvale hospital. According to Taser International, the man had a cardiac arrest due to a drug overdose.

16. Johnney Lozoya, age unknown, Gardena, Calif.

July 19, 2002

Lozoya was seen running on the roof of a convalescent home. A few minutes later, police received reports that he was jumping on a parked car. Officers found Lozoya unconscious in the street and he was taken to a hospital, where he awoke and became combative. An officer shocked him. Several minutes later he died. An autopsy report shows Lozoya died of hypoxic encephalopathy, cardiac arrest and cocaine intoxication. But the medical examiner reported, "one cannot exclude the Taser causing the above damage to the tissues, specifically, the heart."

17. Gordon Jones, 37, Windermere, Fla.

July 19, 2002

Jones was drunk in a hotel lobby. When Orange County Sheriff's deputies ordered him to leave, he dumped his clothes from a duffle bag. He struggled with deputies who shocked him repeatedly until they were able to place him in handcuffs. He walked with deputies to an ambulance and died on the way to the hospital. A coroner reported that Jones died from positional asphyxia, suffocating while being restrained. The coroner said Taser strikes likely made it hard for Jones to breathe. Nine months later, county officials requested a second opinion, which concluded that Jones died primarily from cocaine-induced excited delirium, not from being shot 11 times.

18. Frederick Webber, 44, Orange City, Fla.

Sept. 1, 2002

A husband and father of four, Webber was involved in a fight at a campground. Police arrived and Webber refused to comply with their orders. Police say he resisted arrest and they shocked him multiple times. He was handcuffed with his hands behind his back when police realized he had stopped breathing. The autopsy report says he died of cardiac arrhythmia due to cocaine-induced agitated delirium while being restrained.

19. Stephen Edwards, 59, Shelton, Wash.

Nov. 7, 2002

Edwards fought with a store security officer and police officers attempting to arrest him on a shoplifting charge. A police officer shocked the 300-pound man four times when he reached for a gun in the waistband of his pants. After putting him in handcuffs, officers saw that Edwards had stopped breathing. A coroner said he died of a heart attack due to diabetes and obesity. The coroner said Taser was not a factor.

20. Unknown male, 31, Albuquerque, New Mexico

March 16, 2003

Officers were called about a man jumping on parked cars and breaking windows. He resisted arrest and fought with police, who used chemical spray, a baton and a Taser to subdue him. The suspect died after being arrested. According to Taser International, the man died of drugs and ethanol intoxication. Taser reports that toxicology tests showed amphetamines, cocaine and marijuana.

21. Terrance Hanna, 51, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada

April 19, 2003

Hanna barged into a hotel holding a knife and hammer. A Burnaby Royal Canadian Mounted Police officer shot him with a Taser. His heart stopped. An autopsy report has not been released. The British Columbia Coroners Service has scheduled an inquiry into Hanna's death for December. Taser International says preliminary reports indicate Hanna died of a cocaine overdose.

22. Joshua Hollander, 22, Normal Heights, Calif.

May 10, 2003

He stabbed his ex-girlfriend to death and then slashed his wrists. Police found him in the bathroom. Despite his wounds, he struggled with police who used a carotid restraint and shocked him with a Taser. He was pronounced dead at the hospital. Autopsy report lists cause of death as suicide. Coroner says he died as a result of a cardiac arrest due to slashed wrists. The coroner says the carotid restraint and Taser did not contribute to death and notes Hollander continued to talk 30 minutes after being shocked.

23. Timothy Sleet, 44, Springfield, Mo.

June 9, 2003

Police responded to a 911 call from a child saying her father was killing her mother. Sleet had stabbed his wife to death after she stabbed him with a kitchen knife. Police said he refused to obey commands. They used Taser, beanbag gun, baton, chemical spray and then piled on top of him in an attempt to subdue him. He lost consciousness and died. A coroner said Sleet died from a cardiac arrest from stress while officers tried to restrain him. The coroner said Sleet was in a state of psychosis due to PCP intoxication.

24. Clay Willey, 33, Prince George, British Columbia

July 22, 2003

Willey died after an altercation at a mall. Police, who said Wiley was exhibiting strange behavior, shot him with a Taser while trying to get him into an ambulance. He died 16 hour later. A jury at a coroner's inquest ruled that Willey died as the result of an accidental cocaine overdose. The jury also recommended that Royal Canadian Mounted Police give serious consideration to a report looking at Taser use that calls for standardized training and reporting.

25. Troy Nowell, 51, Amarillo, Texas

Aug. 4, 2003

Police said Nowell assaulted two elderly women and a man outside of a union hall. When police arrived, Nowell resisted arrest and was shocked multiple times. City officials said an autopsy report cleared the Taser as a cause of death. They said Nowell had a heart attack during a violent struggle. They said it was due to arteriosclerotic and hypertensive heart disease. A grand jury cleared officers.

26. John Thompson, 45, Carrollton Township, Mich.

Aug. 8, 2003

Became violent during a card game with friends. Police were called. They shocked him multiple times with a Taser. He was taken to jail where he struggled with officers. Later, while in an isolation cell, Johnson seemed unresponsive. He was taken to a hospital and later died. A coroner said Thompson's death was not a result of physical force but said the cause of death was unknown.

27. Gordon Rauch, 39, Citrus Heights, Calif.

Aug. 17, 2003

Rauch's father called to report that his son was threatening to kill him. Police officers said Rauch charged at them. Two officers shot him with Tasers. He fell to the ground and went limp as officers put him in cuffs. He died about an hour later. The autopsy report is unavailable. Police said Rauch's prescribed psychotropic drugs might have contributed to his death.

28. Ray Austin, 25, Gwinnett, Ga.

Sept. 24, 2003

Austin was incarcerated and awaiting trial on a parole violation when he got into a scuffle with a deputy at the Gwinnet County Jail. He bit off a portion of the deputy's ear and was shocked three times with a Taser. He was restrained in a chair and given psychotropic drugs. He lost consciousness and died. Austin had a history of mental illness. A preliminary autopsy could not determine the cause of death. A coroner reported that physical restraint might have impaired breathing.

29. Glenn Leyba, 37, Glendale, Colo.

Sept. 29, 2003

Police were called to Leyba's apartment by firefighters who said he was out of control. When Leyba refused medical treatment, a police officer shot him with a Taser. Police said he was on the ground and kicking and thrashing at officers, who shocked Leyba repeatedly. He stopped breathing. Autopsy report lists cause of death as a cardiac arrest during cocaine-induced agitated delirium. Coroner said the Taser is not a contributing factor.

30. Clark Whitehouse, 34, Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada

Sept. 2003

Royal Canadian Mounted police reported that Whitehorse fled on foot while attempting to swallow drugs. Police officers used a Taser to subdue him A short time later, he appeared to be having trouble breathing. He was pronounced dead at the hospital. Yukon Coroner's Service is not making the autopsy public. An inquest is pending.

31. Roman Pierson, 40, Brea, Calif.

Oct. 7, 2003

Pierson was shocked twice after running through traffic and breaking into an ice machine at a supermarket. He had been complaining that he was hot and thirsty. Four police officers ordered Pierson to lie down and shocked him when he refused. Police said he took a fighting stance. The autopsy report lists cause of death as cardiac arrest due to acute methamphetamine intoxication. Notes coronary artery disease.

32. Dennis Hammond, 31, Oklahoma City, Okla.

Oct. 11, 2003

Hammond was walking down the street screaming at the sky. When police arrived, he was perched on a brick mailbox. When officers approached, he would scream at them. Officer shot Hammond three times with a beanbag shotgun and five times with a Taser. After being handcuffed, he turned blue and stopped breathing. The autopsy report lists cause of death as acute methamphetamine intoxication. The coroner said the beanbags and Taser shocks were significant but did not have an immediate role in Hammond's death.

33. Louis Morris, 50, Orlando, Fla.

Oct. 21, 2003

Morris drove erratically through the parking lot of a supermarket. When approached by store security officers, he said a passenger in the van needed medical attention but nobody else was in the van. He went into the store and started yelling. When officers arrived, he fled to a nearby convenience store where police shot him with a Taser. After he was handcuffed, the man started banging his head on the ground. Officers turned him over and saw he was in distress. The autopsy report lists cause of death as cocaine excited delirium, a sudden collapse from cardiac arrhythmia brought on by restraint. A pre-existing heart disease contributed.

34. James Borden, 47, Monroe County, Ind.

Nov. 6, 2003

On the eve of his father's funeral, Borden was arrested on a minor violation. Although officers were supposed to transport him to a hospital, he was taken to jail instead. Upon arrival at the jail, Borden did not follow commands of jailers. He was first shot with a Taser for initially refusing to pull up his pants. A jailer shocked him repeatedly until he collapsed and died. The autopsy report lists cause of death as a heart attack due to an enlarged heart, pharmacologic intoxication and electrical shocks from Taser. The jailer who shocked Borden has been charged with two counts of felony battery, including battery while armed with a deadly weapon.

35. Michael Johnson, 32, Oklahoma City, Okla.

Nov. 10, 2003

Officers responding to a burglary call found Johnson sitting in a chair. When he did not respond, they shocked him with a Taser. Officers said Johnson began struggling after being shocked. He was shocked multiple times and two minutes later he stopped breathing and went into cardiac arrest. He was placed on a ventilator and died 22 hours later. Autopsy lists cause of death as acute congestive heart failure due to cocaine-induced sudden cardiac arrest. The coroner said it appears to be a case of agitated delirium. He said the drugs caused the heart attack, not the restraint.

36. Kerry O'Brien, 31, Pembroke Pines, Fla.

Nov. 11, 2003

O'Brien was banging on cars in an intersection. Police shocked him with a Taser. He was hogtied before dying. A coroner determined that O'Brien died as a result of being hogtied, saying he was a victim of positional asphyxia, meaning he suffocated while being restrained. The coroner ruled the death as accidental. The coroner also concluded that Taser did not contribute to O'Brien's death. The case is being investigated by the Broward State Attorney's office.

37. Curtis Lawson, 40, Unadilla, Ga.

Dec. 9, 2003

Lawson confronted a woman at a gas station then fled to a hotel room. When police asked him to come out he refused. Police entered the hotel room and Lawson struggled with officers, who shocked him twice with a Taser and sprayed him with pepper spray. He died about 15 minutes after being arrested. The Georgia Bureau of Investigation concluded that Lawson died from acute cocaine toxicity. An enlarged heart contributed to his death.

38. Lewis King, 39, St. Augustine, Fla.

Dec. 9, 2003

King fled deputies who stopped his car over a broken taillight and began questioning him about a pill bottle. In attempting to get away, police say he dragged a deputy with his car. Officers shocked him twice with a Taser. He was subdued after a struggle and secured face down. He went into full cardiac arrest and was pronounced dead at the hospital. The autopsy report lists cause of death as cardiac arrest following prone restraint by police. King had a history of heart disease and an enlarged heart.

39. David Glowczenski, 35, Southampton Village, N.Y.

Feb. 4, 2004

Glowczenski, who had a history of mental illness and had been twice institutionalized, was shouting and wandering two blocks from his home. When officers approached, he began struggling. Officer sprayed Glowczenski with chemical spray and shocked him multiple times with a Taser. Glowczenski kicked and screamed even after he was placed on his stomach with his hands cuffed behind his back. He suddenly stopped and died. A preliminary autopsy was unable to determine the cause of death.

40. Raymond Siegler, 40, Minneapolis, Minn.

Feb. 12, 2004

Siegler was living in a group home for the mentally ill. While celebrating his engagement, Siegler consumed some alcohol and created a disturbance. Police were called because Siegler reportedly threatened other residents. Siegler, who suffered from paranoia, panicked when he saw police. Officers shocked him multiple times with a Taser. He suffered a cardiac arrest. Siegler's family says he went into cardiac arrest immediately after being shocked and remained in a coma until they removed life support about a week after the incident. The autopsy report has not been released.

41. Curt Rostengale, 44, Silverdale, Wash.

Feb. 21, 2004

Rostengale was shocked twice with a Taser during a struggle with police at his apartment. Police say Rostengale was breaking glass and banging on door of the complex. An officer ordered Rostengale to stop and shocked him with a Taser when he refused. He continued struggling with officers and was shocked again. A coroner reported that Rostengale died as a result of cocaine abuse and said Taser was not a factor.

42. William Lomax, 26, Las Vegas, Nev.

Feb. 21, 2004

Lomax died after being shocked multiple times during a struggle with police and private security at a public housing complex. A jury at a coroner's inquest ruled that the Taser contributed his death. The Clark County Coroner says the death raises questions about the way Tasers are used. Lomax was high on PCP, a stimulant known for its ability to spark aggression. The coroner said multiple Taser bursts prevented Lomax from being able to breathe and ultimately contributed to a cardiac arrest. Doctors could not say if Lomax would have died if the Taser had not been used.

43. Perry Ronald, 28, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

March 23, 2004

Ronald suffered a head injury during a fight at a friend's house. Afterward, police were called about a man jumping on cars and blocking traffic. It took several officers, who shocked Ronald with a Taser, to place him in custody. He was transported to a hospital to have his head injury examined and suffered a heart attack. He died a week later. A preliminary autopsy could not determine the cause of death. The autopsy report is unavailable.

44. Terry Williams, 45, Madison, Ill.

March 28, 2004

Police, responding to a domestic violence call, shocked Williams when he refused to follow commands and resisted arrest. He was placed in a police car and transported to the police station where he was found to be unresponsive. A preliminary autopsy did not reveal the cause of death.

45. Melvin Samuel, 28, Savannah, Ga.

April 16, 2004

Samuel called police to report a burglary. He was subsequently arrested on a warrant for failing to pay a traffic ticket and taken to a Houston County jail. Jail officials said he was uncooperative and were forced to shock Samuel twice with Taser while moving him out of a holding cell. About 10 minutes later, Samuel became unresponsive. An autopsy found that Samuel asphyxiated after being hog-tied on his stomach. A Georgia Bureau of Investigation autopsy report said the Taser was not a factor in the death.

46. Alfredo Diaz, 29, Orange County, Fla.

April 18, 2004

Sheriff's Deputies were responding to a 911 call about a man running naked in the street. Diaz's brother also called 911 and reported that someone had slipped acid into his drink and that he was going crazy. Deputies approached Alfredo Diaz and tried to calm and restrain him. Diaz reportedly struggled with deputies and threatened to kill them. Deputies sprayed him with pepper spray and then shocked him with a Taser. After he was handcuffed, Diaz started having problems breathing. He was taken to a hospital where he died.

47. Eric Wolle, 45, Washington Grove, Md.

April 27, 2004

Diagnosed as a bipolar schizophrenic, Wolle panicked when he saw a car stop outside his house. Believing that nameless agents were coming to get him, he fled his house and his mother called police. Officers stopped Wolle, who was carrying a machete in the waistband of his pants and ordered him to the ground. Wolle refused and officers shocked him twice with a Taser. He continued to struggle then lost consciousness. A preliminary autopsy found Wolle died of cardiac arrhythmia during a state of psychosis. Police said Taser shocks did not contribute to his death.

48. Roman Andreichik, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

May 1, 2004

Shocked during a struggle with police at an apartment. He died shortly after being shocked. His death is under investigation. The autopsy report has not been released.

49. Peter Lamonday, 38, London, Ontario, Canada

May 13, 2004

Police received complaints that Lamonday, a landscape worker, was breaking windows and doors of businesses. When police confronted him, Lamonday reportedly swung at officers, who sprayed him with chemical spray and punched him. Seven officers forced Lamonday to the ground and he was shocked several times with a Taser. He stopped breathing about 20 minutes after being placed in handcuffs. A probe by a police watchdog group concluded that Lamonday died of cocaine-induced delirium and said the Taser was not to blame.

50. Henry Lattarulo, 40, Hillsborough County, Fla.

May 22, 2004

Sheriff's deputies were called to a trailer park on a report that a man was trying to stab people with a screwdriver. They reportedly found Lattarulo fighting with a friend. He refused to follow commands and officers shocked him with a Taser. He reportedly pulled the barbs out and kept fighting. Deputies restrained him, placed him in handcuffs and leg restraints and Lattarulo stopped breathing. The Hillsborough County Medical Examiner's Office determined that the death was caused by cocaine-induced excited delirium.

51. Frederick Williams, 31, Lawrenceville, Ga.

May 27, 2004

Williams died after being shocked with a Taser at the Gwinnett County Jail. The computer technician, who had epilepsy, was acting strangely when police officers responded to a domestic violence call at his house. He was shocked during a struggle with jail officers and died a shot time later. A coroner said he died of brain damage from a heart attack, but the cause of the heart attack could not be determined. The coroner said there is no evidence that five shocks from a Taser caused or contributed to Williams' death.

52. Darryl Smith, 46, Atlanta

May 30, 2004

Smith was found unresponsive in the street and became violent with paramedics who responded to help him. A sheriff's deputy used a Taser to subdue him, shocking Smith multiple times. Smith died about six hours later. A coroner says his death was caused by agitated delirium associated with acute cocaine poisoning.

53. Anthony Oliver, 42, Orlando, Fla.

May 31, 2004

Oliver stopped a police officer by banging on the back window of her patrol car. He told her people were pursuing him and going to shoot him. When officers attempted to talk to Oliver and move him out of traffic, he began struggling. Police reported that he attempted to pull the officer into traffic. An officer shocked him with a Taser. Oliver fell to the ground but got back up, and the officer shocked him seven more times. Oliver began foaming at the mouth and was taken to a hospital where he died. His death was attributed to a cocaine-induced excited delirium.

54. Jerry Pickens, 55, Bridge City, La.

June 4, 2004

Police shocked Pickens while responding to a domestic violence call at his house. Pickens refused to comply with orders not to go back into his house. After being shocked, Pickens fell backwards and hit his head on his driveway. He went into a coma and died about a week later. A coroner said he died as a result of a brain hemorrhage because of the fall.

55. James Cobb, 42, St. Paul, Minn.

June 9, 2004

Two days after being released from prison on a robbery conviction, Cobb was walking in the middle of a rain-swept street shouting at motorists. Police ordered him out of the street and Cobb became combative. Officers sprayed him with chemical spray, shocked him multiple times with a Taser and hit him with a baton. He collapsed on the street and died. A preliminary autopsy report said he did not die as a result of blunt force trauma.

56. Jacob Lair, 26, Sparks, Nev.

June 9, 2004

Officers were attempting to question Lair at his home when the convicted robber and burglar became combative. Police sprayed Lair with chemical spray and shocked him with a Taser. He collapsed and died. The autopsy report shows he died of acute methamphetamine intoxication. A coroner says he suffered cardiac arrhythmia during a struggle with police involving Taser, pepper spray and restraints.

57. Robert Bagnell, 44, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

June 23, 2004

Police responding to a disturbance at a rooming house found Bagnell frenzied and destroying a washroom. Police shot him with a Taser and he stopped breathing and died at the scene. Police did not disclose the details surrounding Bagnell's death for more than a month while waiting for toxicology reports. A preliminary autopsy could not determine the cause of death. A coroner said Bagnell might have had a lethal level of cocaine in his system.

58. Kris Lieberman, 32, Bushkill Twp., Penn.

June 24, 2004

Lieberman was found naked in a cornfield, crawling around and talking to himself. Officers said Lieberman lunged at them when they attempted to talk to him. They shocked him with a stun gun three times until he lost consciousness. Officers tried to revive him but he was pronounced dead a short time later. The autopsy report is unavailable.

59. Bernard Christmas, 36, Dayton, Ohio

June 2004

Police responded to reports that Christmas was running in circles in the middle of the street. When police arrived, the man reportedly jumped in the front seat of a patrol car. When police tried to remove the man from the car, he struggled and an officer shot him in the chest with a Taser. He stopped breathing and was transported to a hospital where he died. A coroner said the cause of death was a cardiac arrest due to cocaine-induced excited delirium.

60. Demetrius Tillman Nelson, 45, Okaloosa County, Fla.

July 3, 2004

Nelson got into an argument with his girlfriend after their car overheated in a parking lot. When police arrived, Nelson was argumentative and combative; a struggle ensued and officers shocked him multiple times with a Taser. He reportedly talked to officers but developed trouble breathing. He was taken to a hospital where he died. Police officials said the death was caused by cocaine-associated excited delirium.

61. Willie Smith, 48, Auburn, Wash.

July 11, 2004

Smith's wife called 911 and said her husband had assaulted her. Police arrived at Smith's apartment and ordered him to the floor. They said Smith refused and came at them. Two officers shocked him with Tasers. They arrested him and put him in a patrol car where he went into cardiac arrest. Smith's reportedly told police that her husband was on a cocaine binge. The autopsy report is unavailable.

62. Jerry Knight, 29, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada

July 17, 2004

Knight, a former semi-professional boxer, reportedly tore up a hotel room in a fit of rage. Police arrived and shocked Knight with a Taser when he refused to comply with their orders. He was pronounced dead upon arrival at the hospital. According to police, Knight died of asphyxia while being restrained by police. Police reported that Knight was on cocaine and suffering from excited delirium. Police also reported that a forensic pathologist concluded that the Taser was not a factor in the death. An inquest has been scheduled to look into his death.

63. Milton Salazar, 29, Mesa

July 23, 2004

Hours after Salazar was released from the state prison on July 21, police said he reportedly threw rocks at motorists on Dobson Road then entered a convenience store and threw candy bars at the clerk. When an officer tried to arrest him, Salazar lay on the floor with his hands underneath his body and refused to obey commands. Officers shocked Salazar multiple times and when they rolled him over, he immediately turned white. Salazar was taken to Banner Desert Medical Center, where he died two days later. Police say chemical tests showed he had cocaine in his system. The medical examiner found that Salazar died of complications from excited delirium due to cocaine intoxication. The autopsy report said the shocks from Taser and the stress of his struggle with police contributed to Salazar's death.

64. Keith Tucker, 47, Las Vegas

Aug 2, 2004

Tucker's roommate called police saying Tucker was punching walls and talking to people not in the room. Police arrived and found Tucker sitting on his bed. They reported that Tucker punched and kicked officers as they approached. Officers shocked him with Tasers and placed him in handcuffs. Police reported that Tucker started having trouble breathing. He died at the hospital. The cause of death has not been determined. The autopsy report is unavailable.

65. Samuel Truscott, 43, Kingston, Ontario, Canada

Aug. 8, 2004

Truscott reportedly overdosed on drugs and barricaded himself in a bedroom where he was armed with a knife and a bat. Police attempted to use chemical spray and when it didn't have any affect, they shocked Truscott with a Taser. Police said Truscott walked unaided to a police car and was taken to hospital where he suffered a suffered a seizure and died. Ontario's coroner said death was due to a drug overdose. He said the Taser was not to blame in any way. The autopsy report is unavailable.

66. Ernest Blackwell, 29, St. Louis, Mo.

Aug. 11, 2004

Blackwell, a former University of Missouri football star, went on a rampage, shooting his stepdaughter with a shotgun and beating a teenage neighbor girl and her mother. Officers said the 230-pound, six-foot-three Blackwell attempted to grab an officer's gun during a struggle in which he was shocked twice with a Taser. Paramedics sedated him and Blackwell died on the way to the hospital. The autopsy report is unavailable.

67. David Riley, 41, Joplin, Mo.

Aug. 11, 2004

Riley threatened to commit suicide and barricaded himself in a house. He had pulled a gas line from the back of the stove and turned on the valve, filling the house with gas. Riley was outside, but when two police officers arrived he started to run back inside. One of the officers deployed a Taser. The house subsequently exploded, killing Riley and wounding the two officers. Police are investigating what sparked the explosion. A Taser was recovered from the wreckage of the house.

68. Anthony Lee McDonald, 46, Harrisburg, N.C.

Aug. 13, 2004

McDonald's mother called 911 to report her son was damaging his home. When police arrived, McDonald was breaking out the windows. Two officers entered and McDonald became aggressive. The officers shot him twice with a beanbag round and then wrestled with him. They shocked him with a Taser and he immediately had difficulty breathing. He died shortly after arriving at the hospital. The autopsy report is unavailable.

69. William Teasley, 31, Anderson, S.C.

Aug 16, 2004

Teasley was arrested for disorderly conduct. Deputies say he became violent while they tried to book him into jail. During a struggle, deputies shocked Teasley with a Taser. He stopped breathing. The coroner said Taser contributed directly to Teasley's death, saying it was the proverbial last straw. The coroner said his heart, spleen and liver were enlarged, he had hardened arteries and an obstructed airway. "The added stress of Taser shock with its electrical current was proximal to the cardiac arrhythmia and must be considered contributory," the autopsy report states. The coroner says officials with Taser International asked his office to reverse its ruling and leave the Taser out of the autopsy report.

70. Richard Karlo, 44, Denver, Colo.

Aug. 19, 2004

Karlo was frothing at the mouth and breaking into cars when police stopped him. He reportedly attacked two officers who shocked him four times with a Taser. Karlo started having trouble breathing and then died. Karlo's family reported that he had a heart condition and was taking cocaine when he encountered police. A coroner said Karlo died of a cocaine and antidepressant overdose. The coroner said Karlo was in a state of agitated delirium when he died. The coroner said Taser was not a factor in the death. The autopsy report lists cause of death as acute cocaine and nortriptyline toxicity.

71. Michael Sanders, 40, Fresno, Calif.

Aug. 20, 2004

Police said Sanders was struggling with his wife when they shocked him several times with a Taser. They said the musician was delusional and stabbed an officer several times with an unknown object. He was handcuffed, put on a gurney and transported to the hospital. He died in the ambulance. The coroner's office said an autopsy revealed that Sanders died of complications related to cocaine intoxication. The autopsy report lists cause of death from complications of cocaine intoxication.

72. Lawrence Davis, 27, Phoenix

Aug. 24, 2004

Police say Davis jumped on the windshield of a patrol car and began yelling incoherently. Officers followed the man as he walked away from the car and rounded a corner. When he spotted police, the man again ran toward the vehicle and jumped on the bumper before officers attempted to detain him. Davis pushed the officers and an officer shocked him with a stun gun. Officers brought Davis to the ground and shocked him twice more. Police said the stun-gun shots had no effect, so a sergeant used a chokehold to temporarily knock the man unconscious. Paramedics were called. Davis died at the hospital. The medical examiner said Davis died as a result of excited delirium.

73. Jason Yeagley, 32, Winter Haven, Fla.

Aug. 27, 2004

Yeagley was wandering in the road and acting strangely. Police say when an officer tried to escort him out of the road, Yeagley attacked. The officer shocked Yeagley with a Taser. He continued struggling and was shocked again. Police said he was still fighting with the officer. After putting him in handcuffs, officers noticed Yeagley was in distress. He was pronounced dead at the hospital. A preliminary autopsy could not determine the cause of death.

74. Michael Rosa, 38, Del Rey Oaks, Calif.

Aug. 29, 2004

Rosa was wandering through yards and screaming. When police approached, he picked up a 2x4 piece of wood and swung it at officers. Police shocked him with a Taser. After being handcuffed. Rosa started having difficulty breathing. He was pronounced dead at the hospital. Rosa had a 2003 arrest for cocaine possession. The coroner said Rosa died of a heart attack from methamphetamine intoxication. But he listed Taser as a contributing factor in the death. The coroner says the Taser shock and the struggle with police combined with the drugs led to Rosa's death.

75. Samuel Wakefield, 22, Rio Vista, Texas

Sept. 12, 2004

Wakefield was reportedly a passenger in a car stopped by police for suspicion of drunken driving. He tried to run and fell. An officer shocked him twice with a Taser. Wakefield appeared to have a cardiac arrest. Paramedics were called and he was pronounced dead at a local hospital. Witnesses told police Wakefield had ingested a large amount of cocaine about an hour before the traffic stop.

76. Andrew Washington, 21, Vallejo, Calif.

Sept. 15, 2004

Police say Washington stole a car and was involved in a hit-and-run accident. An officer shot him with a Taser as he tried to climb a fence to run away. After being arrested, police say Washington showed signs of physical distress and was having difficulty breathing. Emergency crews were called to the scene. He was taken to a hospital where he died.

77. Jon Merkle, 40, Miami

Sept. 20, 2004

Merkle, an attorney with a history of cocaine use and drug arrests, was reportedly running through backyards and acting erratically. Police say they found him inside an abandoned house, where he was beating the walls and windows with a large stick. Officers were able to get him to drop the stick, but when they say Merkle started swinging when they attempted to arrest him. They shocked him with a Taser. Officers reported that he was feverish and excited and repeatedly attempted to lie down. Once on his stomach, he stopped breathing. Police say he had significant levels of cocaine in his system at the time of his death. An autopsy report lists cause of death as excited delirium associated with cocaine intoxication.

78. Dwayne Dunn, 33, Lafayette, La.

Oct. 4, 2004

Dunn was arrested outside of a Piggly Wiggly store for public intoxication. An officer tried to talk Dunn into leaving the property and when he refused, the officer shocked him with a Taser. Dunn was taken to jail and booked on charges of resisting arrest, disturbing the peace and for misrepresentation. Jail officials later put Dunn on a medical watch. An ambulance was called when his condition deteriorated. He died at the hospital.

79. Greshmond Gray, 25, LaGrange, Ga.

Nov. 2, 2004

Gray reportedly refused to leave an apartment and police were called. Officers shocked him when he would not follow orders to put his hands behind his back. Officers reported that he bent down to pick up a hibachi loaded with hot coals. He was shocked at least two more times for attempting to run away. After the shocks, Gray became unresponsive. Police reported that Gray had previous arrests for cocaine possession. A coroner reported that Gray had an abnormal heart. The coroner said the emotional and physical stress Gray underwent during the struggle with police, including being shocked with a Taser, led to the lethal heart rhythm.

80. Robert Guerrero, 21, Fort Worth, Texas

Nov. 2, 2004

A father of two, Guerrero fled from police after an apartment manager reported that he was trying steal electricity for a friend's apartment. Guerrero reportedly tried to hide in a closet. When he wouldn't come out officers shocked him at least twice. Witnesses said they noticed he wasn't breathing as officers carried him out of the apartment. He was pronounced dead at a local hospital.

81. Ricardo Zaragoza, 40, Elk Grove, Calif.

Nov. 8, 2004

Zaragoza, a paranoid schizophrenic, was shocked during a struggle with sheriff's deputies who were attempting to take him to the hospital for a mental health exam. Zaragoza's parents called police for help after their son exhibited strange behavior. Although Zaragoza reportedly had been taking his medication, he hadn't eaten for several days. Officers entered his bedroom, shocked him at least twice with a Taser, sprayed him with pepper spray and pinned him to the ground. He stopped breathing.

82. Byron Black, 39, Lee County, Fla.

Nov. 27, 2004

Black died in a struggle with guards trying to remove him from a Lee County jail cell. Black, an insurance salesman, had been arrested four days earlier for allegedly setting his own van on fire. The sheriff's office reported that deputies believed Black was having a seizure and tried to take him out of the cell for medical attention. Black began to fight and kick. He was sprayed him with pepper spray and shocked with a Taser.

83. Charles Keiser, 47, Hartland Township, Mich.

Nov. 25, 2004

Keiser took a bulldozer from a road construction site and moved it onto a highway. When state police officers arrived, he was reportedly trying to start a backhoe and move it onto the highway. Keiser fled and police chased him into some woods. During a scuffle with the officers, Keiser reportedly grabbed one by the throat. Four sheriff's deputies arrived. Keiser was shocked three times with a Taser and stopped breathing at the scene.

84. Patrick Fleming, 35, Metairie, La.

Dec. 4, 2004

Sheriff's deputies stopped Fleming around 1 a.m. for driving erratically. When he refused to get out of his vehicle, deputies dragged him out. Officers said Fleming became combative. Fleming, who had prior drug charges and was wanted on a warrant of criminal neglect of family, was shocked once with a Taser before being taken into custody. While being booked, officers say Fleming again became combative. He was shocked a second time. His started having trouble breathing and died the next day.

85. Kevin Downing, 36, Hollywood, Fla.

Dec. 15, 2004

A fire-rescue crew found Downing's van blocking traffic on a Hollywood Street. When they tried to help Downing, he became agitated and acted strangely. Police reported that when officers arrived he became violent. An officer shot Downing with her Taser, but police said he continued to fight. He was shocked again and police officers tackled him to the ground. Downing died about two hours later at a hospital.

86. Douglas Meldrum, 37, Wasatch County, Utah

Dec. 17, 2004.

Meldrum was shocked twice by police after he lead them on a chase and then resisted arrest. Police said Meldrum punched one officer as they attempted to remove him from his truck. He was shocked twice. Police say that he immediately stopped breathing and was taken to a hospital where he was pronounced dead.

87. Lyle Nelson, 35, Columbia, Ill.

Dec. 17, 2004

Police responded to an emergency call at Nelson's home. Police did not immediately report what the call was about, but said Nelson struggled with officers at the scene. He was shocked with a Taser, placed in custody and taken to the county jail. He collapsed about 90 minutes later and was taken to a hospital where he died. He was married with three children.

88. Timothy Bolander, 31, Delray Beach, Fla.

Dec. 23, 2004

Bolander's wife called police when he showed up at her house in violation of a restraining order. When officers arrived, they say he was banging his head against a fence. He struggled with officers and they shocked him twice with a Taser. He collapsed and was pronounced dead at a hospital.

89. Ronnie Pino, 31, Sacramento, Calif.

Dec. 23, 2004

Pino was found dead in the medical ward of the county jail. The day before, Pino had been shocked twice with a Taser during a struggle with police after he shattered the glass door of a mental hospital.

90. Christopher Hernandez, 19, Naples, Fla.

Dec. 28, 2004

Hernandez was a passenger in a car that sheriff's deputies attempted to pull over around 1 a.m. According to the police, the car kept driving and finally stopped in the parking lot of a convenience store. When deputies ordered the driver out of the car, Hernandez reportedly got out and attacked a deputy. Hernandez was sprayed with a chemical and shocked with a Taser. He continued struggling before deputies were able to place him in handcuffs. He was taken to a hospital and died an hour later. The 16-year-old driver of the car was arrested on an outstanding warrant. Another passenger in the car was arrested after police found a handgun under his seat.

91. Jeanne Hamilton, 46, Palmdale, Calif.

Dec. 29, 2004

California Highway Patrol attempted to stop Hamilton's car around 2:30 a.m. Officers reported that the she was driving about 90 mph then slowed and accelerated before stopping. Officers said Hamilton refused to get out of the car so the sprayed her with chemical spray and pulled her out of the car. Officers said she lay on her stomach on top of her hands and refused to show officers her hands. She was shocked and then placed in handcuffs. Officers said she continued to struggle while being booked into jail and stopped breathing after they put her in a cell. She was taken to a hospital and pronounced dead.

92. David Cooper, 40, Marion County, Ind.

Dec. 30, 2004

Cooper was incarcerated for allegedly strangling a Baptist minister that he believed to be the devil. During his Dec. 19 arrest, police shocked Cooper repeatedly with Tasers. Two days later, he was shocked in jail for injuring himself in a padded cell. On Dec. 24 he was transferred from the jail to a hospital's psychiatric ward, where he stopped breathing and was placed on a respirator. He was pronounced dead on Dec. 30. Relatives said he had a heart condition.

93. Gregory Saulsbury, 30, Pacifica, Calif.

Jan. 2, 2005

Saulsbury's family called 911 for help. Saulsbury, who was mentally ill, was agitated and his parents were trying to calm him down. Instead of paramedics, police arrived. Officers said Saulsbury was confrontational and refused to obey commands. Saulsbury's relatives reportedly told police that they had succeeded in calming him down. But officers attempted to place Saulsbury in handcuffs. He struggled and they shocked him with Tasers. During the struggle, police reportedly shocked Saulsbury's unarmed father. Gregory Saulsbury immediately stopped breathing and died.

94. Dennis Hyde, 30, Akron

Jan. 5, 2005

Hyde broke into a home and when police responded, he reportedly told them he was the devil and threatened to kill the homeowners and the officers. During a struggle officers shocked him with a Taser and he died. A medical examiner said Taser contributed to the death but also cited other factors, including methamphetamines and blood loss.

95. Carl Trotter, 33, Pensacola, Fla.

Jan. 8, 2005

Trotter broke into several homes and attacked residents in a quiet neighborhood. Chased out of one residence, he reportedly picked up an elderly woman walking on the sidewalk and literally carried her, kicking and screaming, to a church parking lot. When a neighbor forced Trotter to let her go, he crashed through the glass door of another house and attacked a woman there. Sheriff's deputies and residents struggled with Trotter. More deputies arrived and one of them shocked Trotter multiple times with a Taser. According to police, Trotter continued to fight, then collapsed and died in the front yard.

96. Unknown man, Chickasha, Okla.

Jan. 28, 2005

A suspect was shocked with a Taser after fleeing from a drug raid led by the FBI. A Chickasha Police officer reported that the man swallowed cocaine and then began running. The officer said he shocked him to stop him from escaping. Officers said the unnamed suspect became unresponsive and he was taken to the hospital where he died.

97. Jeffrey Turner, 41, Lucas County, Ohio

Jan. 31, 2005

Turner was loitering outside of a Toledo museum when Toledo Police officers approached him and asked for identification. Officers said Turner resisted when they attempted to search him. During a struggle he was shocked repeatedly with a Taser. Once placed in custody, he was taken to the Lucas County Corrections Center. At the center, sheriff's deputies said he became combative. They went into his cell and used a Taser multiple times to subdue him. Turner died. Taser use has been suspended inside the jail pending an investigation.

98. Ronald Alan Hasse, 54, Chicago

Feb. 10, 2005

Hasse was shocked by police during a confrontation at a Chicago apartment. He had been visiting friends, who asked him to leave when he started acting strange and lost control of himself. Chicago police reported that he tried to kick and bite an officer and threatened to infect officers with HIV. After warning Hasse to calm down, a police sergeant shocked him with a Taser. Hasse was a former Chicago securities trader who was supposed to go on trial in June for burying a body on an Indiana farm.

99. Robert Camba, 45, San Diego, Calif.

Feb. 12, 2005

Police were called to investigate a possible fight an apartment where they reported finding Camba thrashing on the floor. Officers said Camba threw things at them and kicked at them. An officer shocked him with a Taser. And police placed him in handcuffs. Camba became unresponsive and paramedics were called. He died two days later.

100. Joel Dawn Casey, 52, Houston

Feb. 18, 2005

Casey, a psychiatric patient, was shocked by police during a confrontation at his mother's house. Deputies from the Harris County Sheriff's Office mental health unit reported that they had received information that he did not have any health problems. It turned out that Casey had a heart condition. Deputies said he resisted when they attempted to restrain him and that he continued to struggle after being shocked. After they placed him in handcuffs, officers noticed Casey was not breathing. A preliminary report found some evidence to suggest that Casey might have strangled when a bone near his windpipe broke.

101. Robert Harris, 40, Salinas, Calif.

Feb. 20, 2005

Heston died two days after suffering a cardiac arrest following a police Taser strike. Heston was shocked as many as 10 times after officers were called to his residence where he was fighting with his father. Police said Heston was throwing objects and assaulting his 66-year-old father. When officers tried to stop him, Heston allegedly attacked them. They shocked him several times with the Taser and he continued to fight. Officers said they noticed his heart stopped breathing and they used CPR to revive him. He was taken to a hospital where he died. In interviews following the death, the police chief defended Tasers using language directly out of the stun gun company's promotional material.