Against the odds, New Orleans and Katrina survivors went to the polls last week to elect the mayor and other officials who will guide the reconstruction of the city.

 The current mayor, Ray Nagin, placed first, and will face a runoff against leading challenger Mitch Landrieu on May 20. Newspapers hailed the election as demonstrating the grit of the people of New Orleans. But this election was marked by voting wrongs, not voting rights.

 This election was held under protest in flagrant violation of the Voting Rights Act. The votes that were tallied were less significant than the voters who were disenfranchised. Voter turnout was 20 percent lower than the mayoral election of four years ago. Just 106,000 out of 296,000 eligible voters voted.

 The reason isn't that the residents don't care. People in neighborhoods across New Orleans enthusiastically surged to the polls and demonstrated their deep concern for the future of their city. But two-thirds of New Orleanians are scattered around the nation, in more than 45 states. These people did not choose to leave New Orleans. They were rendered homeless by Katrina and displaced by FEMA, which arranged for them to find temporary shelter in different states.

 Having relocated the survivors of Katrina, FEMA and the Bush administration were responsible for protecting the voting rights of the displaced -- and for ensuring that they could participate in choosing the leaders who will have such a large say in their futures. Instead, FEMA and the administration failed Katrina's survivors once more -- as did state officials.